Dyspeptic symptom complex, often linked with delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux, and esophagitis, may include: Epigastric sensation of fullness Abdominal distension Upper abdominal pain Belching Flatulence Early satiety Nausea and vomiting Heartburn, with or without regurgitation of gastric contents into the mouth These symptoms can occur in various conditions, such as non-ulcer dyspepsia, acute nausea and vomiting of functional, organic, infectious, dietetic origin, or induced by radiotherapy, drug therapy, or migraine. Additionally, in Parkinson's disease, it can manifest as dopamine-agonist induced nausea and vomiting. For radiological studies, it can be used to speed up barium transit in follow-through radiological examinations.

Motility Stimulants, Motility stimulants/Dopamine antagonist, Prokinetic drugs

Domperidone Maleate functions as a dopamine receptor antagonist. It exerts gastroprokinetic action by inhibiting dopamine receptors found in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and the stomach. Its limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier means it has minimal impact on dopaminergic receptors in the brain, thus avoiding psychotropic and neurological side effects.

For adults, the recommended dosage is 10-20 mg every 4-8 hours daily. Children should take 0.2-0.4 mg/kg every 4-8 hours daily. When used for acute nausea and vomiting, the maximum treatment duration should not exceed 12 weeks. It is advisable to take this medication 15-30 minutes before a meal.

The simultaneous use of anticholinergic drugs may counteract the antidyspeptic effects of domperidone. It's important to note that antacids and antisecretory drugs should not be administered concurrently with domperidone as they can reduce its oral bioavailability. Domperidone primarily undergoes metabolism through the CYP3A4 enzyme. In vitro data suggest that coadministration with drugs significantly inhibiting this enzyme may lead to elevated plasma levels of domperidone. Examples of CYP3A4 inhibitors include azole antifungals, macrolide antibiotics, HIV protease inhibitors, nefazodone, and others.

Theoretically, as domperidone has gastro-kinetic effects, it could potentially impact the absorption of concurrently orally administered drugs, especially those with sustained release or enteric-coated formulations. However, in patients already stabilized on medications like digoxin or paracetamol, the concurrent use of domperidone did not affect the blood levels of these drugs. Domperidone does not potentiate the action of neuroleptics, and it suppresses the unwanted peripheral effects such as digestive disorders, nausea, and vomiting caused by dopaminergic agonists like bromocriptine and L-dopa without counteracting their central properties.

Domperidone Maleate is not to be used by patients with a known hypersensitivity to this medication or in the case of neonates. It should also be avoided in situations where gastrointestinal stimulation could be unsafe, such as in cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction, or perforation. Additionally, it is contraindicated in patients with a prolactin-releasing pituitary tumor (prolactinoma).

Side effects are uncommon, with occasional reports of transient intestinal cramps. Extrapyramidal symptoms are rare among young children and exceptionally rare in adults. These symptoms typically resolve spontaneously and completely upon discontinuing the treatment. Since the pituitary gland is situated outside the blood-brain barrier, domperidone may lead to an increase in plasma prolactin levels. In rare cases, this hyperprolactinemia can result in neuroendocrinological effects like galactorrhea and gynecomastia. In situations where the blood-brain barrier is immature (as in infants) or compromised, the possibility of neurological side effects cannot be entirely ruled out. Additionally, there have been occasional reports of rare allergic reactions, including rash and urticaria.

The safety of using Domperidone Maleate during pregnancy has not been established; hence, its use is not recommended during pregnancy. Animal studies have not shown any teratogenic effects on the fetus. Domperidone may induce galactorrhea and enhance post-natal lactation. It is excreted in breast milk in minimal quantities, which are insufficient to be considered harmful.

Domperidone Maleate should be employed with utmost care in children due to the potential for an increased risk of extrapyramidal reactions, which can be more pronounced in young children with an incompletely developed blood-brain barrier. Additionally, considering that domperidone undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver, it should also be used cautiously in patients with hepatic impairment.

Signs of an overdose can manifest as drowsiness, disorientation, and extrapyramidal reactions, particularly in children. If an overdose occurs, it is advisable to administer activated charcoal and closely monitor the patient. The use of anticholinergic drugs, antiparkinson drugs, or antihistamines with anticholinergic properties may be beneficial in managing extrapyramidal reactions.

Store below 30°C, Protected from light & moisture. Keep out of children's reach.

Motility Stimulants, Motility stimulants/Dopamine antagonist, Prokinetic drugs

Domperidone Maleate acts as a dopamine antagonist, primarily by blocking dopamine receptors located in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) and the stomach. Its gastroprokinetic effect is achieved by inhibiting dopamine receptors that influence the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Because it has limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, Domperidone has minimal impact on dopaminergic receptors in the brain, thus avoiding psychotropic and neurological side effects. Domperidone restores normal motility and tone in the upper gastrointestinal tract, promotes gastric emptying, enhances antral and duodenal peristalsis, and regulates pylorus contraction. Additionally, it increases esophageal peristalsis and lowers esophageal sphincter pressure, preventing the regurgitation of gastric contents.